Rapid fall of communism was a surprise to Romanian economists. They lacked any theoretical guide to explain such a historic event and allow them to analyze economic and social processes that followed. Neither political economy of socialism – dogmatized and imbued with nationalist accents specific to Ceauşescu propaganda – neither Keynesian nor neoclassical theory – rejected as vulgar and apologetic interpretations of capitalism – have allowed the Romanian economists to predict, explain or solve the real economic problems.  This paper aims to examine the intellectual side of Romanian economists to the collapse of the planned economy and the theoretical and practical challenges of post-communist period. Our study has three objectives. Firstly, it seeks to contribute to understanding how they occur and send economic ideas in the Romanian post-communist society. The second objective is to present issues and problems studied in the last two decades and, of course, authors who have addressed these issues. The third objective is to assess critical economic works published after the revolution. The main conclusion of the paper is that although economic works were published some interesting, they contain few truly new and original ideas. Romanian economists’ concepts follow with rather large delay trends of Western economic theory, which is itself in crisis and faces many challenges.